Kleptomania is one of the psychological disorders which make a patient rob objects. Based on the high rate and hidden feature of this disorder, reviewing the criminal liability of these patients are so important in criminal law and it faces with lots of vagueness. Reaching this aim, first of all, the most important features of this disorder and then the discretion and his psychological situation in the time of theft will be considered by this paper. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the effect of this disorder as an excuse or MITIGATING FACTOR and concludes that despite the fact that Kleptomania is an acute psychological disease, it cannot be considered as an excuse but MITIGATING FACTOR.

Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the FACTOR structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory FACTOR analysis showed that there are two FACTORs "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory FACTOR analysis. Altogether results of this research showed FACTOR validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two FACTOR pattern

As the height of building increases, effect of shear lag also becomes considerable in the design of high-rise buildings. In this paper, shear lag effect in tall buildings of heights, i.e., 120, 96, 72, 48 and 36 stories of which aspect ratio ranges from 3 to 10 is studied. Tube-in-tube structural system with façade bracing is used for designing the building of height 120 story. It is found that bracing system considerably reduces the shear lag effect and hence increases the building stiffness to withstand lateral loads. Different geometric patterns of bracing system are considered. The best effective geometric configuration of bracing system is concluded in this study. Lateral force, as wind load is applied on the buildings as it is the most dominating lateral force for such heights. Wind load is set as per Indian standard code of practice IS 875 Part-3. For analysis purpose SAP 2000 software program is used.

The International Court of Justice has scrutinized both aggravating and MITIGATING circumstances from its ever lightest sentence against Mr. Almahdi in 2016 to its heaviest sentence against Mr. Ntaganda in 2019 and other sentencing decisions. This paper is aimed to analyze principles governing on MITIGATING circumstances in ICC Judgments recommendable to Iranian domestic law. In order to scrutinize the evidence and reasoning of the parties regarding the aggravating or MITIGATING circumstances, the trial chamber may on its own motion or at the request of the Prosecutor or the accused hold a further hearing to hear any evidence or submissions relevant to the sentence. Then it accepts or rejects the submissions of the parties one by one by its detailed reasoning. This procedure is advisable for our domestic law. In this Descriptive-Analytical research analyzing and comparing various sentencing judgments it is found that to establish MITIGATING circumstances, the court takes into account all personal circumstances and behaviors of the convicted person from early steps of committing crimes, after commission, surrender to the court, during detention, trial and imprisonment. Because of the gravity of international crimes even if various MITIGATING circumstances established, the minimum imprisonment will not be less than two years.

Foliar surface of plants is continuously exposed to the surrounding atmosphere and is, therefore, the main receptor of particulate pollutants. This physical trait can be used to determine the level of particulate pollution in the surroundings, as well as the ability of individual plant species to intercept and mitigate particulate pollutants. In the present study, leaf cuticle characters of four common roadside plant species, namely Bougainvillea ‘Mahara’, Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wt. and Arn, Cassia fistula Linn, and Polyalthia longifolia Thw. were studied from sites with heavy particulate pollutants in the atmosphere and compared with those of controlled/non polluted environs to evaluate their respective pollution mitigation ability. The particles deposited on the leaf surface were 2.5 to 10.0 micron meter in size and the dust load was recorded in the trend of  T. arjuna (2.31 mg/cm2)> C. fistula (1.47 mg/cm2) > B. ‘Mahara’ (1.33 mg/cm2) and P. longifolia (0.97 mg/cm2). The increase in the size and frequency of epidermal cells and stomata were observed. Cuticle rupture was a major injury symptom, that was observed in T. arjuna, C. fistula and P. longifolia while no cuticular damage was not observed in B. ‘Mahara’. On the basis of these observations it can be concluded that B. ‘Mahara’ is a dust mitigator and it adsorbs and / or absorbs the pollutants from the environment in which it grows.